Novel energetic salts based on nitrogen-rich fused ring cations: Synthesis, characterization and infrared laser ignition property

In this work, four energetic nitrates, i.e., 4,7-diamino-1H-[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-d]pyridazin-5-ium nitrate (1), 2,6-diamino-1‑hydroxy-9H-purine-1,7-diium nitrate (2), 6-amino-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b][1,2,4,5]tetrazin-2-ium nitrate (3) and 3,6-diamino-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b][1,2,4,5]tetrazin-2-ium nitrate (4), were prepared and comprehensively characterized. The X-ray diffraction results indicated that compounds 1–4 had different layered structures with the densities in the range of 1.616–1.805 g/cm³. The highest density value of 1.805 g/cm³ was represented in compound 2, which was higher than that of most other nitrates. Moreover, compounds 1–4 had good thermal stabilities, the decomposition temperatures were in the ranged of 165–181 °C, which made them have great potential to further develop. The calculated detonation velocities and detonation pressures of these compounds were in the range of 7678–8925 m/s, and 21.96–32.39 GPa, respectively. The greatest detonation velocity and detonation pressure were observed in compound 3. The specific impulses of these compounds were in the range of 199.8–244.9 m/s. Notably, compound 1 had near infrared laser (λ = 1064 nm) ignition capacity, which was the first example of CHNO based energetic compound with near infrared laser ignition performance.