Introduction

With the rapid development of aerospace weaponry, wireless base stations, 5G communication equipment, and other electronic information technology, electronic systems and their components are progressing in the directions of high frequency, high power, and high density. It has inevitably led to the rapid accumulation of heat in service systems and components, seriously threatening their stability and reliability. Therefore, thermally conductive materials, especially thermally conductive polymers, have become one of the hot spots in the field of materials science. Starting from the basic concepts and fundamental laws of thermal conduction, this chapter introduces the thermal conductivity and corresponding mechanisms of solid materials such as metals and their alloys, ceramics, polymers and polymer composites, respectively, and finally discusses the classification of thermally conductive polymers.