Illustrative benchmarking rework and rework costs in Swedish construction industry

Following several studies investigating the causes of construction rework among some projects in the Swedish construction industry, we conducted this study in cooperation with R&D West, a group of construction companies in Sweden, to measure the costs of rework in construction projects. Rework has become an endemic feature of the procurement process in construction that invariably leads to time and cost overruns in projects. Thus, in order to improve the performance of projects, it is necessary to identify the causes and costs of construction rework. The research presented in this paper identifies, analyzes, and discusses the causes, magnitudes, and costs of rework experienced in seven Swedish construction projects. The findings revealed that the costs of rework for the case study projects were 4.4% of the construction values of the observation period, and the time needed to correct them was 7.1% of the total work time. The construction errors that generated rework were further analyzed according to their origins, types, and positions, causes of construction rework were identified and discussed, and preventive actions were suggested.