Efficient and Stable Low-Dimensional Ruddlesden-Popper Perovskite Solar Cells Enabled by Reducing Tunnel Barrier

Low-dimensional Ruddlesden-Popper (LDRP) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted increasing attention due to their excellent long-term stability over three-dimensional (3D) counterparts. However, the introduction of insulated long-range bulkier organic ammonium spacers hindered the charge transport. Here, the short-range organic ammonium spacers, 1-amino-3-butene hydrochloride (BEACl) and 3-butyn-1-amine hydrochloride (BYACl), were employed to construct LDRP perovskites, instead of common butylamine hydrochloride (BACl). We found that charge transport can be significantly improved by controlling the tunneling effect. Moreover, highly oriented and flat perovskite films without pinholes were obtained. Consequently, high PCEs, exceeding 16% for BEA- and 15% for BYA-based devices, which is much higher than that of the BA-based analogous device (13.8%), were achieved. Most importantly, the BEA- and BYA-based LDRP perovskite films and devices show much improved stability. The finding is of great significance for the exploration of new organic ammonium spacers for highly efficient and stable LDRP PSCs.