Ecosystem resilience and stability analysis against alien species invasion patterns

Biological invasions is a significant threat to biodiversity and has substantial effects on socioeconomics, including culture, religion, human health, safety, livelihoods, and other facets of human well-being. With the development of society, the exchanges between regions have become increasingly close, making the introduction of exotic species more convenient. Species invasion, thus, has become a frontier issue in the field of ecosystems. Based on the Holling-III and Holling-III type functional responses, we established a predator–prey dynamics model discussed the stability of the model according to the Lyapunov method. Furthermore, from the perspectives of single-species invasion and multi-species invasion, we provided theoretical thresholds of intrinsic growth rates and degrees under different conditions by analysing invasive species’ survivability and damage to the original ecosystem Our research is of great significance for judging the hazard of species in the early stage of invasion and correctly introducing alien species.