Dynamic solidification mechanism of ternary Ag-Cu-Ge eutectic alloy under ultrasonic condition

The dynamic solidification of ternary Ag_38.5Cu _33.4Ge_28.1 eutectic alloy within a 35 kHz ultrasonic field is investigated and compared with both its equilibrium solidification by DSC method and its rapid solidification in drop tube. The volume fractions of the primary (Ge) phase and pseudobinary (Ag+ε₂) eutectic solidified within ultrasonic field are larger than those formed under equilibrium state, whereas that of ternary (Ag+ε₂+Ge) eutectic exhibits the reverse trend. During rapid solidification, the liquid alloy droplet directly solidifies into ternary (Ag+ε₂+Ge) eutectic if its diameter is smaller than 350 μm. The ultrasound stimulates the nucleation of alloy melt and prevents the bulk undercooling. With the increase of sound intensity, the primary (Ge) phase transfers from faceted dendrites to nonfaceted blocks with blunt edges, and its grain size is remarkably reduced. Both pseudobinary (Ag+ε₂) and ternary (Ag+ε₂+Ge) eutectics experience a morphological transition from regular to anomalous structures. This indicates that their cooperative growth mode is replaced by independent growth of eutectic phases under the combined effects of cavitation and acoustic streaming. The ultrasound also shows a prominent coarsening effect to the pseudobinary (Ag+ε₂) and ternary (Ag+ε₂+Ge) eutectics.