Designed MoSe₂ modified multi-layer hollow carbon fiber composite material achieves tunable electromagnetic wave absorption in the X and Ku bands

As a substitute for graphene-based carbon materials, carbon fiber (CF) based absorbing materials have enormous application prospects. Effective improvements have been made in solving the problems of heavy quality and complex preparation processes of ordinary absorbing materials. In order to obtain a flexible thin fiber membrane absorbing material with good stability and excellent performance, we prepared a multi-layer hollow carbon sphere/CF@MoSe₂ with carbon fiber as the matrix, and controlled the microstructure through hollow carbon shell and MoSe₂, and introduced transition metal chalcogenides to coordinate electromagnetic parameters. As a result, the hollow carbon sphere/CF@MoSe₂ flexible composite film achieved a minimum reflection loss (RL_min) of −47.98 dB at a thickness of 2.5 mm, and an effective bandwidth (EAB) of 8.1 GHz at a thickness of 2.7 mm. The RL_min of the hollow carbon ball/CF composite film reached −45 dB at a thickness of 2.6 mm, and the EAB reached 3.2 GHz. The theoretical characterization results jointly prove the reason for the improved performance, and this study provides an experimental basis for a more in-depth exploration of the birth of new absorbing materials.