Decoupling analysis of dynamic morphing effects on the aerodynamics of a hovering hummingbird-inspired flapping wing

Hummingbirds show complex and dynamic wing deformation patterns in flapping-wing flight. This study comprehensively examines the aerodynamic effects associated with four specific morphing patterns inspired by hummingbird wings. Numerical simulations are conducted to simulate the bending within and outside the stroke plane as well as twisting and bending. Decoupling analysis is performed based on the simulation results. Results highlight the substantial influence of in-stroke-plane bending and spanwise twisting on hovering efficiency. Furthermore, an increase in chord-wise camber predominantly enhances lift or vertical force. The tip of the wing is bent upward, not downward, which is beneficial for instantaneous force generation. Dynamic deformation affects the formation of the leading-edge vortex. At the far end of the wing, the pressure distribution changes because of the change in flow characteristics. These results emphasize the potential of dynamic deformation technology in controlling the behavior of flapping-wing micro air vehicles. Overall, this study enhances our understanding of the aerodynamic effects related to dynamic wing deformation and provides important insights for the design and improvement of flapping-wing systems.