Combined effects of interface modification and nano-reinforcement via nano-enhanced interphase in hybrid-fabric composites for tribological applications

Hybrid Nomex/PTFE (Polytetrafluoroethylene) fabric composites have demonstrated sufficient potential in tribological field due to their prominent mechanical and self-lubricating capabilities. However, the poor fabric-matrix interfacial adhesion and weak bonding of transfer-film to counterface are still the bottlenecks for practical applications of these materials. Herein, growth of ZnO nanowires onto the surface of hybrid Nomex/PTFE fabric based on air-plasma treatment was developed, aiming at enhancing the fabric-matrix interfacial performance using a mild hydrothermal method. Mechanical testing showed significant improvement in the interfacial adhesion strength, while retaining the full mechanical strength and flexibility of pristine hybrid-fabric. More importantly, the ZnO nanowires, released onto the interface during sliding process, participated in the tribo-physical actions contributing to the formation of a uniform and tenacious transfer-film. It is thought, therefore, that the ZnO-enhanced interphase has the dual effects of interface modification and nano-reinforcement of transfer-film. As a result, the tribological performance of hybrid-fabric–ZnO nanowires composites presented a considerable enhancement under varied load conditions. POLYM. COMPOS., 40:3383–3392, 2019.