Al/Ni 包覆 AP 复合燃料的制备及其热反应性能

To solve the problems of igniting difficulty and combustion agglomeration, modification of Al powder by alloying and oxidant coating was studied. AP@Al/Ni composite fuels were prepared by acoustic resonance mixing technique. The heats of reaction of the composite fuels with different ammonium perchlorate(AP)contents were measured using a bomb calorimeter. The morphology characteristics of the optimized AP@Al/Ni composite fuel were analyzed by SEM. The thermal reactivity of AP, Al/AP mixture, Ni/AP mixture, and AP@Al/Ni composite fuel were comparatively studied by DSC/TG. The effects of additives including Al, Ni, and Al/Ni composite on the thermal decomposition kinetic parameters of AP were evaluated by the non-isothermal kinetic method. The results show that the heat of reaction of the composite fuel reaches its maximum when the mass content of AP is 38.90%, which is considered as the optimal content of AP in the formula. Compared with Al and Ni, the Al/Ni composite has the most significant influence on the thermal decomposition of AP, which reduces the peak temperature of AP in high temperature decomposition by 76.9 °C and increases the heat release by 84.8%. The apparent activation energy of AP decomposition in AP@Al/Ni composite fuel that obtained by Friedman method is 103.9 kJ·mol^-1, and this process obeys the three-dimensional random nucleation and nucleus growth(A3)model.