A time-series turbofan engine successive fault diagnosis under both steady-state and dynamic conditions

In recent years there has been a growing interest in gas turbine fault diagnosis, especially under dynamic conditions, due to the evolving operating profile of gas turbines and the need to deploy computationally efficient and high-precision diagnostic solutions in real-time. One of the main challenges of fault diagnosis in real-time is the power imbalance between the compressor and turbine that occurs during transient operation. In addition, the heat soakage phenomenon characterizing the transient conditions has a substantial impact on the accuracy of the diagnosis. Finally, any sudden failure that might happen during transient operating conditions creates an additional challenge to fault diagnostics. The present study proposes a gas turbine diagnostic approach based on time-series measurements encapsulating steady-state and transient operating conditions. Specifically, the introduced novel approach is capable of quantifying the surplus/deficit of the power between the compressor and the turbine by utilizing the time-series data representing the observed deviations in the shaft rotational speed in order to determine the power balance in the shaft. The maximum diagnostic errors for constant fault and sudden failure are less than 0.006% during the dynamic maneuver. The results demonstrate and illustrate that the proposed method could effectively and accurately diagnose the severity of aero-engine faults at both steady-state and transient conditions. Therefore, this study has great potential for gas turbine practitioners since the diagnosis under transient conditions in real-time can enhance the capability of engine online condition monitoring and improve the condition-based maintenance of gas turbine assets.