1-氨基-3-硝基胍高氯酸盐的合成及性能表征

To meet the demand for higher energy level in next generation solid propellants, 1-amino-3-nitroguaniclin)um perchlorate (ANCCl) was synthesized using guanidine nitrate as starting material. A systematic characterization of its key physicochemical properties was conducted, including crystal structure, thermal behavior, detonation performance, enthalpy of formation, oxygen balance, hygroscopicity, and compatibility with typical components of propellant. Furthermore, the energy characteristics of hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB)-based propellants employing ANGCI as the oxidizer were theoretically evaluated. The results indicate that ANGCI possesses a ctystal density of 1.96g/cm³a thermal decomposition peak temperature of 141.9 °C, a detonation velocity of 9 113 m/s, and a detonation pressure of 36.83 CPa. Additionally, ANGCI has the characteristics of high enthalpy of formation (140kJ/mol), favorable oxygen balance (18.23%), and suitable hydrogen content (2.75%). Theoretical calculations show that HTPB-based propellant formulations containing ANGCI can achieve a maximum specific impulse of 279.77 s, with the average molar mass of combustion gases reduced to 24.91 g/mol. Compatibility tests reveal that the net gas evolution between ANGCI and aluminum powder (Al), AP, HTPB, or dioctyl sebacate (DOS) is less than 0. 6mL, indicating good compatibility with these propellant ingredients. Under conditions of 25 °C and 65% relative humidity, the saturated moisture absotption rate of ANGCI is 2.09%, reflecting low hygroscopicity. These findings suggest that ANGCI is a promising high-energy oxidizer for HTPB-based solid propellants.