生物陶瓷支架促进再生组织血管生成和骨生成的研究进展

Tissue engineering has acquired remarkable attention as a promising strategy to treat and restore bone defects during recent years. A scaffold is a fundamental component for tissue engineering, which provides a necessary support and guidance for bone tissue regeneration. It is necessary to form a vascular network inside the scaffold to provide nutrients and oxygen for cells to migrate, proliferate and differentiate, and then realize tissue regeneration in the process of bone tissue repair. Consequently, the vascularization is the first requirement to achieve bone tissue regeneration. Bioceramics have become competetive candidates as scaffold materials for bone tissue regeneration due to the special chemical composition, high compressive strength and excellent bioactivity. However, a vascular networks formed in the bioceramic scaffolds will take a long time after implantation in vivo, meaning that cells in the middle of the tissue will be straved of nutrients for a long time and then die. This urges intensive research works to study the effect of material, structure and environmental factors of the bioceramic scaffolds on the osteogenesis and vasculature, aiming at achieving better tissue regeneration. The composites can not only improve the mechanical properties of the scaffold, but also improve the biological activity of the scaffold. Designing hierarchical porous structure and loading growth factors can better stimulate angiogenesis and osteogenesis of the regenerated tissue. These aspects can be considered in combination to promote the angiogenesis and osteogenesis of the bioceramic scaffolds. This review summarizes the factors affecting angiogenesis and osteogenesis of regenerated tissues in the bioceramic scaffolds from three aspects: scaffold material, scaffold structure and environmental factors of the scaffold. Meanwhile, the influence mechanisms of the above factors are systematically analyzed. Finally, the development trend of the bioceramic scaffolds is prospected expecting to provide references for the design, processing and bioengineering applications of the bioceramics.