激光增材制造超高温氧化物共晶陶瓷研究进展

Melt-grown oxide eutectic ceramics possess a large area of clean and firmly bonded phase interfaces through liquid-solid phase transformation, which makes them present excellent high-temperature properties such as strength retention, creep resistance, thermal stability, oxidation and corrosion resistance. As a result, directionally solidified oxide eutectic composite ceramics have been regarded as one of candidates for new generation of high temperature structural materials which can service above 1400 ℃in oxidation environment for a long period. In recent years, laser additive manufacturing based on melt growth has developed into the most promising technique for preparing ultrahigh-temperature oxide eutectic ceramics due to its unique advantage in one-step fabricating highly dense parts with large sample size and complex shape. In this paper, laser additive manufacturing technology was summarized in terms of forming principle, technical features and classification. The research status and the encountered technical problems in additively manufacturing melt-grown oxide eutectic ceramics were reviewed. Moreover, the research progress on laser additive manufacturing oxide eutectic ceramics was introduced from the aspects of laser forming process, solidification defect control, solidification microstructure evolution, and mechanical properties. Finally, the key bottlenecks of realizing engineering applications of the laser 3D-printed oxide eutectic ceramics were pointed out, and the future development directions of this field were prospected. The focus of the future work can be summarized into four points: developing high-quality spherical eutectic ceramic powders, preparing large-scale eutectic parts with complex shapes, accurate controlling solidification defects, as well as strengthening and toughening eutectic composites.