微重力科学: 开拓未知疆域与变革性技术的新高地

Microgravity science is one of the cornerstones of space science and applications. It represents an emerging focal point in the global science and technology arena and stands as a significant hallmark of national competitiveness in space technology. With the completion of China’s space station and the impending retirement of the International Space Station, China’s space station—serving as a national space laboratory—will solicit and carry out over a thousand scientific research projects during its operational lifetime, providing a unique experimental platform and offering unprecedented opportunities for the development of microgravity science in China. Based on the 385th “Shuangqing Forum” of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), this paper summarizes the challenges and difficulties faced by China’s microgravity science and technology research. It reviews the major progress and achievements made in recent years in fields of microgravity fluid physics, microgravity manufacturing and space technology, and microgravity life sciences and biomedical engineering technology. Furthermore, the article identifies the critical scientific issues facing the field of microgravity science and technology in the coming 5 to 10 years, and discusses frontier research directions and suggestions for the development of the discipline.