基于有限元模型的空降兵伞降着陆损伤因素分析

The parachute landing injuries of paratroopers have been a focal point in aviation medicine and special medical studies. It is very important to investigate the biomechanical mechanisms of landing injuries for the protection and prevention of parachute landing injuries. The factors influencing the lower limb injuries of paratroopers subjected to landing impact are numerically simulated by using the global human body models consortium (GHBMC) full-body finite element model. The findings indicate that the long bones of the lower limbs such as femur and tibia are less likely to be injured during normal landing impact. However,the calcaneus,talus and meniscus are susceptible to injury due to compression from the long bones,and the vulnerable area includes the medial tubercle of calcaneus,the trochlea of talus,and the anterior horn of lateral meniscus. The study also reveals the variations in injury mechanisms in different landing scenarios. The descent speed significantly affects ground impact forces,thereby greatly increasing the probability of stress fractures in the long bones of lower limbs. The horizontal wind speed can alter the center of gravity to increase the likelihood of ankle injuries. The ground conditions influence the duration of impact contact, increasing the probability of injuries to the ankle, particularly the calcaneus.