光学相干层析成像散斑噪声抑制技术发展综述（特邀）

Significance Benefiting from its non-contact, non-invasive, and high^-resolution advantages, optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been widely used in biological tissue microstructure analysis and clinical disease diagnosis. However, affected by inherent speckle noise, OCT images usually suffer from degraded signal-to^-noise ratio and contrast, with tissue microstructures obscured, which significantly reduces the accuracy and reliability of clinical diagnosis. With the extensive application of OCT in ophthalmology, dermatology, cardiovascular medicine, oncology and other fields, speckle noise suppression has become the key to unlocking the full application potential of OCT. Research on OCT speckle noise suppression is of great significance for promoting the clinical translation and standardized application of OCT. Progress This paper reviews the formation mechanism of OCT speckle and the corresponding suppression techniques. Firstly, the physical formation mechanism of OCT speckle noise is elaborated. Then, the research status of speckle reduction methods is systematically summarized from the perspectives of hardware optimization and software post-processing. After briefly comparing the principles, denoising performance, advantages and limitations of typical methods, this paper points out that the future research focuses will be the co-optimization of hardware and algorithms, adaptive learning under limited data, and interpretable models, so as to further improve the imaging quality and diagnostic accuracy of OCT. Conclusions and Prospects Speckle suppression is of great significance to OCT medical image processing and precise disease diagnosis, and it is still a research hotspot in the field of OCT imaging. Designing lightweight, universal, and easily embedded speckle suppression methods without increasing system complexity or sacrificing original imaging performance will be an important development direction for the future of OCT.