ThermalGate-GS: Frequency-Gated Graph Splatting for Thermal Novel View Synthesis

Thermal infrared imaging is pivotal for all-weather 3D perception, yet analyzing thermal information remains a formidable challenge due to the complexity of heat conduction. Unlike visible light, heat conduction acts as a natural low-pass filter that suppresses high-frequency textural details, causing severe geometric ambiguities and “ghosting” artifacts in standard 3D reconstruction pipelines. To accurately model the inherently diffusive thermal field for high-fidelity reconstruction, we propose Frequency-Gated Graph Splatting (ThermalGate-GS), a frame work that explicitly decouples the scene into diffusive thermal distributions (low-frequency) and sharp structural boundaries (high-frequency). Within this framework, we introduce a novel Frequency-Gated Anisotropic Diffusion mechanism. Specifically, the frequency-gating module utilizes extracted high-frequency structural cues to determine spatially-adaptive gating weights. Subsequently, these weights drive an anisotropic diffusion process that dynamically regulates thermal feature propagation, pro moting smoothness on object surfaces while suppressing cross-boundary bleeding. Finally, these spectrally refined features are employed to regress 3D Gaussian attributes, substantially alleviating the ambiguity in thermal reconstruction. Extensive experiments demonstrate that ThermalGate-GS achieves state-of-the-art performance, with a notable 7.94 dB PSNR improvement on the ThermoScenes benchmark over prior physics-inspired baselines.