The Process of Ice Breaking Water of the Vehicle Fluid-Solid Coupling Dynamics Numerical Simulation

The dynamic behavior of ice-breaking and waterexit processes is crucial for improving underwater vehicle performance and ensuring polar mission safety. This study investigates ice fragmentation and impact loads during vehicle emergence through floating ice, using a numerical method based on the ALE and penalty function contact algorithms to model the coupled interaction of ice, vehicle, and water. Simulations explore various launch speeds, ice densities, and impact location. Results indicate the process comprises three stages, dominated by hydrodynamic and collision forces, peaking at 1400 kN and 2600 kN, respectively. Higher launch speeds lead to slower velocity decay, with only 5.98% reduction at 50 m/s. Increased ice density raises both force types, with collision forces about half of hydrodynamic ones. Impacting the ice center causes the highest forces and velocity loss; off-center impacts reduce attenuation from 11.44% to 4.18%. These findings offer theoretical and technical insights for underwater launches in polar regions.