Synthesis of 4,8-Dinitraminodifurazano[3, 4-b,e]pyrazine Derived Nitrogen-Rich Salts as Potential Energetic Materials

A series of new energetic compounds based on 4,8-dinitraminodifurazano[3, 4-b,e]pyrazine were synthesised and fully characterized by NMR and IR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. The structures of compounds 3-a, 3-c, 3-f, and 3-g were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The physicochemical and energetic properties of these energetic compounds including density, thermal stability, and energetic performance (e. g., detonation velocities and detonation pressures) were investigated. The combination of nitrogen-rich 4,8-dihydrodifurazano[3, 4-b,e]pyrazine framework with highly energetic nitramino moieties endowed these as-synthesised compounds with excellent detonation performance. Among these as-synthesised compounds, five energetic salts (3-a, 3-b, 3-c, 3-f, and 3-g) exhibited satisfactory calculated detonation velocities (8921–9413 m s^-1), which were superior to cyclo-1,3,5-trimethylene-2,4,6-trinitamine (RDX) (8878 m s^-1). Notably, compound 3-f exhibits an excellent calculated detonation velocity of 9166 m s^-1 and also acceptable impact and friction sensitivities (IS=8 J, FS=108 N). The prominent detonation performance with moderate sensitivities indicates that compound 3-f has the potential to compete with traditional high explosives.