Synthesis and Performance Study of a Hydronium-based Molecular Perovskite Energetic Material

A novel urotropine perchlorate perovskite energetic compound TAP-H₃O⁺ based on hydronium ions was designed and synthesized. The structure is a typical ABX₃-type molecular perovskite, featuring cage-like 1,3,5,7-tetraazatricyclo[3.3.1.1(3,7)]decane-1,3-dium ions as the A-site cations, hydronium ions as the B-site cations, and perchlorate ions as the X-site anions. It was prepared using the methods of autoclave reactor synthesis, microchannel reaction, and oscillatory synthesis. The crystal structure, thermal properties, combustion performance, and mechanical sensitivity were systematically investigated through X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, high-speed photography, and mechanical sensitivity tests, and the laser response characteristics were evaluated via laser ignition experiments. The results indicate that the compound exhibits excellent crystal density(1.91g/cm³)and good thermal stability(initial decomposition temperature T_d=196.41℃). TAP-H₃O⁺ demonstrates superior detonation performance with a detonation velocity of 9.94km/s and a detonation pressure of 45.1GPa, outperforming DAP-4. Under the conditions of P_c=7MPa, P_e=0.1MPa, and ΔH=0, the specific impulse I_sp of TAP-H₃O⁺ is 3121.8N/(s·kg), which is relatively high. In terms of safety performance, TAP-H₃O⁺ shows a relatively high impact sensitivity(4J)but excellent friction sensitivity(216N), which means better safety property than RDX and HMX. Laser ignition experiments reveal that the ignition time of TAP-H₃O⁺ is 1250ms, significantly shorter than that of TAP-4.