Synthesis and electrochemical characterization of porous nanostructured vanadium pentoxide with mesopores and macropores

Porous nanostructured vanadium pentoxide with mesopores and macropores (PN-V₂O₅) was successfully prepared by spray pyrolysis with an ammonium nitrate additive in a precursor solution, consisting of ammonium metavanadate dissolved in distilled water, and then its cycling ability and rate capability in rechargeable lithium batteries were tested at different current rates in a cut-off potential range of 2.5–4.0 V vs Li/Li⁺. The PN-V₂O₅ exhibited a first discharge capacity of 138 mA h g⁻¹, which corresponds to 93% of its theoretical capacity, and a capacity retention of 86% after 100 cycles at a current density of 100 mA g⁻¹. Furthermore, it had discharge capacities of 88 and 64 mA h g⁻¹ at 800 and 1200 mA g⁻¹, respectively.