Study on the grain growth mechanism of Na_0.5Bi_0.5TiO₃-based lead-free piezoelectric ceramics

The grain growth of 0.94Na_0.5Bi_0.5 TiO₃-0.06BaTiO₃ lead-free piezoelectric textured ceramics with the template was studied. The grain growth exponent and apparent activation energy were determined. The mechanism of equiaxial grains in 0.94Na_0.5Bi_0.5 TiO₃-0.06BaTiO₃ textured ceramics was discussed. The result shows that the grain growth mechanism is controlled by phase boundary reaction when the content of template is less than 10%. It changes to grain lattice diffusion when the content template is increased to 15%. The mechanism is controlled by gain boundary diffusion at the content template of 20%. When the content of template is over 20%, it is controlled by phase boundary reaction.