Striation-based source depth estimation with a vertical line array in the deep ocean

A striation-based method with a vertical line array is proposed for source depth estimation. Broadband striation structures of direct and surface-reflected arrivals after propagating to receivers near the ocean bottom are applied. A tracking algorithm for the striation structures is proposed based on the extended Kalman filter. A cost function for source depth estimation is presented by matching the traces of the measured striations with a library of model-based traces under different source depths. The method is demonstrated on array data collected during an acoustic research experiment in the South China Sea in 2016.