Spin reorientation functionality in antiferromagnetic TmFe_1-xIn_xO₃ polycrystalline samples

We report doping at B-Site in TmFeO₃ with In³⁺ ion of varying concentration (x = 0.02, 0.05, 0.07, 0.1) to explore the effect of In³⁺ ion substitution on structural, magnetic and vibrational properties. XRD study revealed that all the synthesized samples exhibit distorted perovskite orthorhombic (Pbnm) crystal symmetry. The immediate observable effect was an increase in lattice parameters with increasing doping up from x = 0.0 to 0.1 as evidenced by diffraction peaks shifted towards lower angle. Spin reorientation transition (Γ₄→Γ₂) in all prepared samples occurs at temperature (∼85–92 K) to be a process involving the continuous rotation of Fe³⁺ spins. M-H curves display the coexistence of weak ferromagnetism and antiferromagnetic ordering at all the measured temperatures with reduction in coercive field and remanence values. Varied magnetic behaviors were observed in this series of compounds, which are believed to be associated with the different interactions of Fe and rare earth ions. The occurrence of two-magnon and two-phonon modes in Raman spectra at temperature around 100 K attributed to spin-reorientation transition exhibited by TmFe_1-xIn_xO₃. This might be unambiguous evidence for spin-phonon coupling in the prepared compounds. The coupling and possible presence of two phonon and magnon pair scattering and other energy carriers have been used to explain several recently discovered thermally driven spin transport phenomena.