S-NiSe/HG Nanocomposites with Balanced Dielectric Loss Encapsulated in Room-Temperature Self-Healing Polyurethane for Microwave Absorption and Corrosion Protection

Exploring anticorrosion electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbing materials in harsh conditions remains a challenge. Herein, S-NiSe/HG nanocomposites encapsulated in room-temperature self-healing polyurethane (S-NiSe/HG/SPU) were exploited as superior anticorrosion EMW absorbing materials. A dual-defect engineering collaborative Schottky interface construction endows S-NiSe/HG with a high vacancy concentration, abundant defects, and moderate conductivity. These structural merits synergistically balance dielectric loss by enhancing dipole-interface polarization loss and optimizing conduction loss. As a result, S-NiSe/HG demonstrates the optimal EMW absorption performance with a minimum reflection loss (RL_min) of −54.8 dB and an adequate absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 7.1 GHz. Besides, S-NiSe/HG/SPU combines the maze effect of S-NiSe/HG with the active repair capability of SPU, thereby providing long-term corrosion resistance for the Mg alloy. Even under corrosion for 10 days, S-NiSe/HG/SPU affords a low corrosion current density (1.3 × 10^-5 A) and high charge transfer resistance (3796 Ω cm²). Overall, this work provides valuable insights for in-depth exploration of dielectric loss and development of multifunctional EMW-absorbing materials.