Research Progresses in Preparation of Organic Thin Film Transistors by Electronic 3D Printing Technology and Its Applications

Electronic 3D printing technology, leveraging its high-resolution manufacturing features, heterogeneous material integration capability, and customized design advantages, provided a revolutionary solution for advanced fabrication paradigms of organic thin-film transistors. The characteristics of three mainstream technologies—inkjet printing, aerosol jet printing, and direct ink writing were analyzed from the perspective of processing principles. Quantitative comparisons were conducted on their forming accuracy limits, multiphase material compatibility, and process robustness variations, followed by an exploration of the key challenges constraining their development. Furthermore, based on innovative application scenarios such as flexible displays, biomedical sensing, and wearable electronics, the research progresses in structure-performance relationships of 3D-printed OTFT devices for large-scale production were comprehensively reviewed. The paper highlights that future research priorities will focus on innovations in material formulation, optimization of printing processes, and reliability assessment of printing equipment, which are critical for advancing next-generation printed electronics.