Research Progress of Metallic Materials Under Space Station Conditions

Outer space provides unique environmental conditions for investigating the physical and chemical properties of metallic materials, the mechanisms of phase transformation processes, and the regulation of microstructure and performance. In particular, it has considerable scientific significance and application value for the preparation of high-temperature, highly active metallic materials, as well as for the implementation of in situ resource utilization and space manufacturing. This study reviews the main research on metallic materials conducted under space experimental conditions since the 1960s and summarizes the materials science experimental platforms and their main functions on the Chinese Space Station, the International Space Station, and the Mir Space Station. Research progress in aspects such as melt flow, liquid properties, solidification structure, and extravehicular exposure is analyzed. The special phenomena and new laws unveiled through space experiments are clarified. Finally, the research and development trends of metallic materials for space manufacturing are prospected.