Recent progress on low dimensional perovskite solar cells

Low dimensional perovskites have recently attracted much attention due to their vertical growth of crystalline orientation, excellent film morphology, and long-term humidity, light, and heat stability. However, low dimensional perovskites suffer from low power conversion efficiency (PCE) with respect to their three dimensional analogues. Therefore, it is imperative to find excellent low-dimensional perovskite materials for improving the PCE. Previous work has demonstrated that bulkier organic molecules, e.g., C₆H₅(CH₂)₂NH₃ ⁺(PEA⁺), CH₃(CH₂)₃NH₃ ⁺(n-BA⁺, iso-BA⁺), C₂H₄NH₃ ⁺, and polyethylenimine cations (PEI⁺), play an important role in the formation of low-dimensional perovskites. In this review, we review the recent development of low dimensional perovskites for solar cells application in terms of film preparation, photophysics, and stability of perovskites, as well as the related device structure and physics. We have also discussed the future development of low-dimensional perovskites from materials design, fabrication processes, and device structure.