PSO-Meme: An Efficient and Secure RSU Deployment Scheme for IoV

As a critical element in intelligent transportation systems (ITS), roadside units (RSUs) are pivotal in delivering superior Internet of Vehicles (IoV) services encompassing intelligent traffic management, accident prevention, and emergency rescue. Considering the high deployment and maintenance costs of RSUs, many studies focus on the efficient RSU deployment issues. However, due to the high visibility of the ITS system, RSUs are highly susceptible to external attacks, which is commonly overlooked in existing RSU deployment researches. Specifically, the Sybil attack is one of the most dangerous attacks against ITS, it can reshape the network state by forging multiple identities, interfering with the operator's reputation assessment or causing severe DDoS. Therefore, we propose a joint heuristic scheme that combines the advantages of particle swarm optimization and double local-search memetic algorithm to solve the city RSU deployment problem in Sybil attack environments. It can find solutions with higher fitness values and guarantees that the IoV has the capability to detect Sybil attacks. Numerical results show that our proposed scheme not only outperforms other traditional solutions regarding signal validity coverage, overlap rate, and initial propagation speed of accident information, but also performs satisfactorily in Sybil attack detection.