Permeable Liquid Metal-Based Fibrous Patch with Dual-Bond Interconnects for Reliable Sensing and Closed-Loop Wound Care

Effective management of infected wounds demands biocompatible and breathable dressings capable of real-time monitoring and autonomous therapeutic regulation, which conventional passive dressings fail to provide. Here, we present a permeable liquid metal (LM)-based fibrous patch (LMFP) that integrates closed-loop temperature–humidity monitoring with on-demand photothermal antibacterial therapy. The LM mechanoelectrical dual-bond interconnects, achieved through graphene oxide (GO) and its oxygen-containing groups, establish a stable and conductive LM–sensor coupling that ensures precise temperature–humidity sensing under humid, dynamic wound environments. Comprehensive in vitro and in vivo evaluations demonstrate its validity of wound monitoring, accelerated healing, and intelligent closed-loop wound management. This work introduces a next-generation intelligent wound patch integrating breathable architecture, adaptive sensing, and responsive therapy, offering substantial advantages for enhanced infection control and tissue regeneration in sensitive and vulnerable skin environments.