Multiscale TRIP-based investigation of low-cycle fatigue of polycrystalline NiTi shape memory alloys

In this paper, a multiscale investigation of fatigue crack initiation in shape memory alloys (SMAs) based on Transformation Induced Plasticity (TRIP) is presented. A mechanism for fatigue crack initiation during cyclic stress-induced phase transformation along with theoretical model is proposed. To validate the TRIP-based model, quasi-static tests at different ambient temperatures, 40∞C, 52∞C and 65∞C, and strain and stress controlled low-cycle fatigue tests at different frequencies ranging from 0.16 Hz to 5 Hz on pseudoelastic NiTi wires are carried out. The results show that, (i) TRIP appearing on phase transformation interfaces is the key factor that drives the fatigue crack initiation during cyclic stress-induced phase transformation in SMAs; (ii) maximum temperature during phase transformation is a relevant indicator to predict low-cycle fatigue of SMAs and, (iii) within the range of pseudoelasticity and below the plastic yield, low-cycle fatigue of SMAs is not directly correlated with the mechanical loads applied at macro-scale, in the sense that, if the maximum temperature reached during loading cycles is kept constant, the fatigue lifetime remains unchanged whatever the amplitude of the mechanical loading is. Based on the findings, a new criterion for pseudoelastic low-cycle fatigue of SMAs as well as fatigue-isolines diagram are proposed and validated experimentally.