Multifunctional 3D pristine graphene with tunable electromagnetic properties via self-assembly strategy

Nowadays, there is an urgent demand for multifunctional materials with tunable properties to meet the requirements of intricate environments with alternating temperatures and electromagnetic conditions. Pristine graphene is a highly promising electromagnetic material owing to its intrinsic advantages. However, issues related to aggregation and weak gelation capability would hinder the fabrication and advancement of multifunctional pristine graphene. Herein, multifunction properties are first integrated into one 3D structured pristine graphene via a self-assembly method. By regulating the microstructures, 3D structured pristine graphene can exhibit a range of electromagnetic properties, including wave transmission (wave transmittance of 88 %-93 %), electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption (reflection loss of −50.70 dB), and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding (shielding effectiveness (SE) of ∼37.90 dB), which are not available in existing graphene materials. Furthermore, the 3D structured pristine graphene exhibits mechanical stability and thermal performances to guarantee a stable and durable electromagnetic response for complex environmental applications. The outstanding multifunction can be attributed to the low defects and controllable microstructures of pristine graphene. This work supplies an inspiration for the development of multifunctional graphene materials as well as the microstructure design of 3D pristine graphene.