Modeling of Hot Forging

Hot forging can be defined as a metal shaping process in which a malleable metal part, known as a billet or workpiece, is worked to a predetermined shape by one or more processes such as hammering, upsetting, pressing, and so forth where the workpiece is heated up to about 75% of its melting temperature. The process begins with a cast ingot, which is heated to its plastic deformation temperature, then forged between dies to the desired shape and size. During this forging process, the cast, coarse-grain structure is broken up and replaced by finer grains, achieved through the size reduction of the ingot. Usually, the product is additionally heat treated after it is hot forged.