Microstructure and Tribological Behavior of a TiO₂/hBN Composite Ceramic Coating Formed via Micro-arc Oxidation of Ti–6Al–4V Alloy

A composite coating containing hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) particles and titanium oxide (TiO₂) was formed on the surface of Ti–6Al–4V alloy via micro-arc oxidation (MAO). The effect of quantity of the hBN-particles added into electrolyte on microstructure, composition, and wear behavior of the resulting composite coatings was investigated. Microstructure, phase composition, and tribological behavior of the resulting MAO coatings were evaluated via scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and ball-on-disc abrasive tests. The results reveal that the TiO₂/hBN composite coating consisting of rutile TiO₂, anatase TiO₂, and an hBN phase was less porous than particle-free coating. Furthermore, the presence of hBN particles in the MAO coating produced an improved anti-friction property. The composite coating produced in the electrolyte containing 2 g/L of hBN particles exhibited the best wear resistance. The outer loose layer of the MAO coatings was removed by a mechanical polishing process, which led to a significant improvement in the wear resistance and anti-friction properties of the MAO coatings and highlighted an essential lubricating role of hBN particles in the composite coatings. However, wear mechanism of the MAO coatings was not relevant to the presence of hBN particles, where fatigue wear dominated the anti-fraction properties of the MAO coatings with and without hBN particles.