Hydrogen Bond Enhanced Multifunctional Hydrogel Enabling Fibrous Zn-Ion Battery-Integrated Sensing System

Achieving compact flexible energy storage battery-sensor integration device is crucial for constructing future portable and multifunctional wearable electronics, which enables intelligent sensing, battery status self-monitoring, and human-machine interactions. Here, a multifunctional tamarind polysaccharide/chitosan (PTC) hydrogel combining good mechanical properties and high ionic conductivity was fabricated by introducing multiscale hydrogen bonds into a polyacrylamide network. Thus, this multifunctional hydrogel fiber exhibits enhanced sensing sensitivity and improved gel-electrolyte properties, enabling seamless energy storage-sensor integration. As a result, the fibrous device delivers a long-term stable power supply, highly sensitive external stimulus detection, and constant battery status self-monitoring. The fibrous battery well retains 87.34 % capacity after repeated bending to 120° and 200 cycles, while the fibrous sensor exhibits high sensitivity (gauge factor = 207.57) with a broad detection range (0 %–700 %). The battery-integrated sensing system also enables real-time monitoring of motion and realizes human-machine interaction, offering an effective pathway to integrate high-sensitivity sensing with stable energy storage.