High electrocatalytic and wettable nitrogen-doped microwave-exfoliated graphene nanosheets as counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells

In this paper, high electrocatalytic and wettable nitrogen-doped microwave-exfoliated graphene (N-MEG) nanosheets are used as Pt-free counter electrode (CE) for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). A low cost solution-based process is developed by using cyanamide (NH₂CN) at room temperature and normal pressure. The pyrrolic and pyridinic N atoms are doped into the carbon conjugated lattice to enhance electrocatalytic activity. N-MEG film having N-doping active sites and large porosity provides a wettable surface to facilitate electrolyte diffusion so that improves fill factor. Moreover, the control of the air exposure time after completing N-MEG film is found to be crucial to obtain a reliable N-MEG CE. A high DSSC efficiency up to 7.18% can be achieved based on N-MEG CE, which is nearly comparable to conventional Pt CE. High electrocatalytic and wettable nitrogen-doped microwave-exfoliated graphene nanosheets (N-MEG) are developed to be used as Pt-free counter electrode (CE) for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). A low cost solution-based process is suitable for mass production. N-MEG film having N-doping active sites and large porosity provides a wettable surface to facilitate electrolyte diffusion so that improves the fill factor.