Fracture behavior of aluminosilicate glass under ballistic impact: An experimental and peridynamic study

Classical bond-based peridynamic (PD) models are limited in capturing the tensile-compressive asymmetry and strain rate dependence of glass materials. To address these issues, an improved rate-dependent and softening PD (RSPD) model was presented by introducing a damage correction factor to capture compression softening and incorporating dynamic increase factors to account for strain rate effects. The improved RSPD model presents superior performance in predicting crack density and kinetic energy dissipation compared with classical PD model. The ballistic impact response of aluminosilicate glass is investigated by combining the RSPD simulations and experiments. The effects of impact velocity and glass thickness on fracture behavior are analyzed, and the numerical predictions show good agreement with experimental observations. The results indicate that the critical penetration velocity increases with glass thickness, while radial crack density and damage diameter increase with impact velocity but decrease with thickness. Quantitative relationships among contact force, damage ratio, impact velocity, and glass thickness are also established, offering a preliminary evaluation for the design and optimization of impact-resistant glass structures in engineering applications.