Fault Identification Model Using Convolutional Neural Networks with Transformer Architecture

With the advancement of industrial manufacturing and the shift toward high automation, machines have increasingly taken over many production tasks, greatly improving efficiency and reducing human labor. However, this also introduces new challenges, particularly the inability of machines to autonomously detect and diagnose faults. Such undetected issues may cause unexpected breakdowns, interrupting critical operations, leading to economic losses and potential safety hazards. To address this, the present study proposes a novel hybrid deep learning framework that integrates Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) for feature extraction with Transformer architecture for temporal modeling. The model is validated using NASA’s CMAPSS dataset, a widely used benchmark that includes multi-sensor data and Remaining Useful Life (RUL) labels from aeroengines. By learning from time-series sensor data, the framework achieves accurate RUL predictions and early fault detection. Experimental results show that the model attains over 97% accuracy under both single and multiple operating conditions, highlighting its robustness and adaptability. These findings suggest the framework’s potential in developing intelligent maintenance systems and contribute to the field of Prognostics and Health Management (PHM), enabling more reliable, efficient, and self-monitoring industrial systems.