Dynamically Modified Flexible Zn Powder Anodes with Stable Performance at High Rate and High Zn Utilization

Flexible Zn powder-based batteries hold significant promise for next-generation portable power-supply systems. However, their practical applications are hindered by inherent limitations such as poor rechargeability, limited rate capability, and low zinc utilization. Herein, contrary to the widely utilized static modifications on Zn anodes, we integrate a shape-variant conductive network into the Zn powder electrode, which dynamically homogenizes electric-field distribution and enhances electron-transport pathways. The intrinsic fluidity and structural adaptability of the liquid metal-based network enable effective mitigation of dendritic growth, stress accumulation, and Zn loss during repeated Zn plating-stripping processes. Consequently, the resulting dynamically shape-variant electrode exhibits exceptional cycling stability under high-rate (10 mA cm⁻²/1 mAh cm⁻² over 1200 h) and high Zn utilization (55.4%, over 400 h and 88.6%, over 244 h), surpassing previously reported Zn powder electrodes. A flexible circuit well integrated with stable NH₄V₄O₁₀||Zn full-cell (87.4% capacity retention after 9000 cycles at 10 A g⁻¹) is also demonstrated.