Dynamic Covalent and Noncovalent Bonds Based Self-assembled Biomaterials: From Construction to Biomedical Applications

Self-assembly processes are ubiquitous in biological systems, playing essential roles in sustaining life activities. The exploration of self-assembled biomaterials (SABMs) holds great potential for advancing various fields, particularly in biomedicine and materials science. Because of the unique reversibility and responsiveness to stimuli, dynamic covalent bonds (DCBs) and noncovalent bonds (NCBs) endow SABMs with self-healing properties, stimuli responsiveness and controllable degradation, making them highly versatile for a wide range of biomedical applications. In this article, recent advances and future trends for SABMs based on DCBs and NCBs are thoroughly reviewed. We begin by introducing the molecular principles and characteristics of DCBs and NCBs that govern the formation of SABMs. We also explore the responsive and functional features of these materials in detail. Finally, we summarize the perspectives and challenges associated with the development of SABMs in biomedical applications. We aim for this review to offer a comprehensive overview of SABMs, serving as a valuable resource for chemists and materials scientists striving to further advance the design of SABMs in biological applications.