Construction of Smart Manganese Dioxide-Based All-in-One Nanoplatform for Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy

Manganese dioxide (MnO₂)-based functional nanomaterials have attracted great attention in the fields of nanoscience, biosensors, bioimaging, drug/gene delivery, and cancer therapy. Especially, all-in-one tumor microenvironment (TME) responsive MnO₂-based nanoagents have become a research hotspot due to their simple fabrication procedure, high specific surface area, controllable size and morphologies, easy surface modification, TME response, and oxygen generation. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of strategies for construction of MnO₂-based all-in-one nanoplatforms for cancer diagnosis and therapy. Major highlighted topics in this paper focus on the controllable fabrication of MnO₂ nanobuilding blocks, tumor targeting accumulation, working mechanisms of enhancing therapeutic efficacy, and the necessary considerations for construction of all-in-one nanoplatform. Finally, the current challenges and future directions in this rapidly growing research field are also discussed, which will provide guidance on the future works about the clinical translation of MnO₂-based all-in-one nanoplatform.