Characterization of High-Speed Water Entry for Vehicle with Cavitation Disk in Wave Environments

The non-constant characteristics of the wave environment substantially impacts the flow field structure and motion stability of the transmedium vehicle. In this paper, a multiphase coupled numerical model of vehicle with cavitation disk of high-speed water entry under wave interference is established on the basis of VOF multiphase flow model and overlapping mesh technology. The accuracy of the model is verified through comparisons between experimental data and simulation results. This paper investigates the influence mechanisms of the wave phase on the impact load and the trajectory stability. The results indicate that due to differences in flow velocity distribution under various wave phases, the axial impact load at wave crest and trough entry is approximately 1.5 times higher than that at wave front entry. Moreover, ballistic destabilization is most pronounced under the wavefront entry condition (70° water entry angle). These findings provide valuable theoretical support for ballistic prediction and attitude control of transmedia vehicles entering water under complex sea states.