Calculational method of sandstones rolled up by airplane tyres

When an airplane takes off and lands, the foreign objectd damage (FOD) splash made by its tyres on the airport runway is a very complex process. Taking sandstone as an example, a number of classical types of sandstone splash are introduced, and a few formulas are given which calculate the number of the sandstones that the airplane meet and the probability of the airplane structure damage. Then a passenger plane made in China is taken for example. The paper analyzes the damage probability of the airplane structure impacted by sandstones with critical energy according to the FOD report of the civil airport and the type of the airport runway. This study can provide useful reference for airplane structure anti-impact design.