Blockchain-Based remanufacturing traceability system design for coal mining equipment with improved consensus

Reliable traceability of remanufactured equipment is fundamental to ensuring operational quality and performance. With growing emphasis on sustainable development, remanufacturing services for coal mining equipment have become a vital component in its manufacturing supply chain. Implementing trustworthy traceability while maintaining efficient and autonomous operations in the remanufacturing process enhances competitiveness and guarantees the reliability of remanufactured equipment. However, traditional centralised supply chain management systems face challenges such as isolated data, tampering risks, and poor quality tracking. To address these limitations, this study proposes a blockchain-based framework for supply chain traceability in coal mining equipment remanufacturing, aiming to enhance both operational efficiency and service quality. To overcome inherent blockchain limitations, a multi-chain storage model is designed to facilitate distributed data management with secure inter-entity isolation. Furthermore, to address the low information exchange efficiency caused by the high communication complexity, poor dynamic adaptability, and limited node quantity of the PBFT consensus algorithm, a reputation based MS-PBFT consensus algorithm is proposed, which significantly improves both information interaction efficiency and system flexibility. Finally, simulation experiments and practical implementation in the remanufacturing system demonstrate the effectiveness of the MS-PBFT algorithm, confirming its capability to maintain decentralisation while improving remanufacturing process traceability and service quality reliability.