Auction-Based Users Dynamic Allocation in Heterogeneous Networks

In this paper, we design the cycle auction mechanism to dynamically allocate the users among all base stations (BSS) for single-Tier and two-Tier heterogeneous networks (HetNets) to improve the system spectrum efficiency (SE). The cycle auction algorithm (CAA) is proposed to trade the users with the lowest energy efficiency (EE) among the BSS for both HetNets. The user EE is the basis for the seller to select one user as the goods, and the system SE is the criteria for the auctioneer to determine the buyer who trades the goods with the seller. In a single-Tier HetNet, a small cell BS (SBS) acts as a seller as well as an auctioneer, and the rest of the SBSS can directly quote to the seller. In a two-Tier HetNet, the macro cell base station (MBS) is the auctioneer who can either participate in bidding or sell its user, and the auction results made by the MBS depend on the sellers' reserved price and the buyer's bidding price. Simulation results demonstrate that the CAA can significantly improve system SE in both single-Tier and two-Tier HetNets.