Application of artificial intelligence and multiomic techniques in space biology and space biotechnology

Exploring the vastness of the universe is a common dream of mankind, however, radiation, microgravity, and other environmental factors have serious impacts on the physiological responses of astronauts and their functions, which constrain human long-term space flight and space exploration. Artificial intelligence (AI) and multiomics technologies can provide molecular insights that go beyond data analysis and the sum of individual omics. Recently, various powerful tools, including convolutional neural networks, generative adversarial networks, and RNA-seq, have been developed for solving the problem of physical condition detection and early warning of disease diagnosis in various environments and can systematically provide strategies for the fields of space biology and biotechnology. This chapter provides an overview of how AI and multiomics technologies are currently applied to space biology and space biotechnology in improving knowledge and understanding of space. The great potential of AI is illustrated to assist research in space biology and space biotechnology. Besides, the discerning power and sensitivity of multiomics have shown how they are able to dissect increasingly complex biological activities in time and space down to the single-cell level. With the rapid development of AI and multiomics technology, they can provide novel methodological guidance for space biology and space biotechnology.