Analytical soliton solutions for the cubic–quintic nonlinear Schrödinger equation with Raman effect in the nonuniform management systems

Based on the Kundu–Eckhaus equation with variable coefficients, the exact one-soliton and two-soliton solutions have been explicitly given by an appropriate similarity transformation method. As an example, an exponential distributed fiber control system, nonlinearity management system and dispersion management system have been considered, and the propagation characteristics of the exact soliton solutions in the three nonuniform management systems have been investigated in detail. Especially, the dynamic properties of the amplitude, pulse width and the central position of the soliton with transmission distance have been studied. The results have some guiding significance for soliton amplification, compression and control management, and can provide some theoretical analysis for carrying out optical soliton communication experiment.