An IoT-Based Framework for Distributed Generic Microgrid Controllers

Microgrids (MGs) can effectively integrate distributed energy resources (DERs) and support the resilient functioning of the future power grid. In the literature, distributed MG control algorithms based on consensus protocols are proposed that distribute the computation and communication tasks to computational nodes at each DER, thus naturally supporting 'plug-and-play' integration and improving resilience. Shifting to the distributed control paradigm requires a complete rethink and redesign of the current MG controller framework and implementation. In this article, we propose a framework for distributed generic MG controllers with the support of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies. With the proposed framework, distributed generic MG controllers can be designed to support all use cases of an MG, including grid-connected and islanded operations, planned/unplanned islanding, and reconnecting. We implement the proposed framework using a novel open-source platform, called Resilient Information Architecture Platform for the Smart Grid (RIAPS) and demonstrate its performance using hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) tests.