A Shortcut for Commercialization of Perovskites Solar Cells by a Recycling and Remanufacturing Strategy

Perovskite photovoltaics exhibit impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) and cost-effective manufacturing, developing as the most promising photovoltaic technology for commercialization beyond silicon. However, stability and end-of-life hazards remain significant challenges. Module recycling and remanufacturing could reduce costs and minimize Lead contamination risk. This study proposes a Recycling and Remanufacturing (R&R) strategy for perovskite-based PV technologies and evaluates their commercial viability by calculating the levelized cost of energy (LCOE). Our findings indicate that when the PCE and lifetime of PSC modules reach 20% and 7 years (31% and 8 years for 2-terminal; 30% and 8 years for 4-terminal perovskite-silicon tandems), respectively, it can achieve an LCOE of 7.75 Cents/kWh, making it commercially competitive with silicon technology. The R&R strategy also minimizes the utilization of hazardous Pb, easing postprocessing pollution. These findings highlight the R&R strategy as a viable end-of-life solution for perovskite technology, which could accelerate its commercialization.